Understanding Electric Bike Components

Comments · 89 Views

There are many types of e bike accessories required to build an e-bike. The minimum and most basic components required to build an e-bike are the motor, controller, battery, throttle, brakes, and mechanical components.

There are many types of e bike accessories required to build an e-bike. The minimum and most basic components required to build an e-bike are the motor, controller, battery, throttle, brakes, and mechanical components.

 

In this article, we will take a detailed look at the use of each component.

 

electric car motor

Electric bike motors come in a variety of power ratings, from 200W to 1000W or more. A higher power rating means the e-bike will be able to handle more torque more easily, but it will require more battery capacity to run. So a 500W motor will drain power much faster than a 250W motor, but with more power.

 

electric car motor

The electric motor converts the electrical energy from the battery into mechanical energy to drive the bike. Additionally, the design and location of the motor play a major role in how an e-bike works.

 

It uses brushed motors, brushless motors, but the most common type of motor for e-bikes is the hub motor. Usually, it is integrated into the rear or front wheel of the bicycle. When operating, it pulls or pushes the wheels. However, the system works well because it is not connected to the bike's gears, so it will be less effective on hills and variable terrain.

 

Since an e-bike uses one gear, it won't give you the best torque or speed throughout the gear range.

 

electric bike battery

The battery is the most expensive part of an e-bike that powers it. Early e-bikes used lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, or nickel-metal hydride batteries, but modern e-bikes use only lithium-ion batteries.

 

The reasoning behind this is that lithium-ion batteries are lighter, more powerful, more reliable, and have increasingly longer cycle lives. The cells used in modern lithium-ion batteries are 8-10 times lighter than the lead batteries of yesteryear, and they can be expected to last for 5-6+ years of normal use if proper precautions are taken.

 

electric bike battery

Lithium-ion battery packs consist of many smaller lithium cells connected together in series and parallel. It determines the voltage and capacity (amp hours or Ah) of the battery pack. Most e-bike batteries are either 36 volts or 48 volts, but you will also see e-bike battery packs that range from 24 volts to 72 volts. While lithium-ion batteries come in many shapes, sizes and brands such as Panasonic, Sony, Samsung, LG and Orange.

 

Generally, it is cylindrical. These batteries have a better safety and reliability record than generic batteries. In addition to the cells, Li-ion batteries require a battery management system (BMS) that monitors the voltage of each cell and activates a cut-off function so that the battery is not overcharged or over-discharged.

 

Electric Bicycle Motor Controller

The motor controller is an essential part of the electric bicycle, which needs to control the electric bicycle motor. Most e-bike motors are brushless and have three wires. Without this alternating current, a brushless motor cannot spin.

 

Electric Bicycle Motor Controller

The motor controller converts the incoming DC voltage to three-phase AC for the motor windings.

 

It continuously regulates motor voltage verification from 0V to full battery pack voltage based on the user's throttle signal, pedal sensor and various current limits.

 

For ease of use, the controls are located on the handlebar. There are two main types of controllers - pedal activated controllers and throttle based controllers.

 

A pedal-activated controller provides electric assistance when you push the pedal. In a pedal-start system, the controller is mounted on the handlebar so that you can adjust the level of assistance based on pedaling.

 

Throttle based controllers use a simple throttle mechanism. It works as a potentiometer. The throttle can be twist grip or thumb press. With the throttle, you pull back or press the throttle for electric assist.

 

electric bike throttle

The throttle is used to control the full power coming from the electric motor at any given time. Almost all motor controllers have a throttle input plug.

 

electric bike throttle

Typically, all throttles use hall sensors and magnets to detect throttle position. They supply 0.8-0.9V when the throttle is closed and step up to 3.6-4V when the throttle is operated.

 

The two most common types of throttle used on e-bikes are the thumb or lever throttle. The thumb-press throttle is activated by pushing the paddle with the thumb, while the twist-grip throttle is operated by twisting the handle.

 

electric bike brakes or electronic brakes

An electronic brake sensor is optional equipment. There are two reasons for using electronic brake sensors on e-bikes. One is a safety cut-off; whenever you press the brake lever, the motor turns off.

 

electronic brake

The second reason is to activate the regenerative braking of the hub motors. It allows you to operate the motor switches, from powering the bike to providing smoothness and steering

Comments